This report presents initial findings from the second round of the Young Lives household and child survey which was carried out between late 2006 and early 2007. It provides a broad outline of some key child poverty indicators, as well as changes that have taken place since the first round of research in 2002. The data show that while Vietnam has enjoyed growth and poverty reduction in recent years – and some Young Lives households have become better off – inequalities remain between those in urban and rural areas and between the ethnic majority and minority groups.